{"id":1555,"date":"2026-04-28T11:35:02","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T11:35:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/legalseba.com\/bd-articles\/?p=1555"},"modified":"2026-04-28T11:38:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T11:38:36","slug":"legal-standing-of-digital-signature-in-bangladesh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legalseba.com\/bd-articles\/legal-standing-of-digital-signature-in-bangladesh\/","title":{"rendered":"Legal Standing of Digital Signature in Bangladesh"},"content":{"rendered":"

[et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ theme_builder_area=”post_content” _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_column _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” type=”4_4″ theme_builder_area=”post_content”][et_pb_code _builder_version=”4.27.5″ _module_preset=”default” theme_builder_area=”post_content” hover_enabled=”0″ sticky_enabled=”0″]Digital Signature Validity & Contract Signing in Bangladesh | LegalSeba LLP<\/title><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><meta name=\"description\" content=\"An exhaustive guide on digital signature validity, electronic contract signing, e-stamping, and Evidence Act compliance in Bangladesh. Authored by LegalSeba LLP, a leading IT and corporate law firm.\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"digital signature Bangladesh, digital signature validity, digital contract signing in Bangladesh, digital signature solutions, e-signature law Bangladesh, IT Act 2006 Bangladesh, LegalSeba LLP, e-stamping Bangladesh, corporate lawyer Dhaka\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><meta name=\"author\" content=\"LegalSeba LLP\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Digital Signature Validity & Contract Signing in Bangladesh\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Understand the legal framework, admissibility, and restrictions of digital signatures and electronic contracts in Bangladesh with expert insights from LegalSeba LLP.\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- JSON-LD 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\"description\": \"Leading corporate and IT law firm in Bangladesh providing digital signature solutions and compliance advisory.\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"address\": {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"@type\": \"PostalAddress\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"addressCountry\": \"BD\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> },<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"datePublished\": \"2026-04-01\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"dateModified\": \"2026-04-28\",<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \"description\": \"Comprehensive legal guide on digital signature validity, digital contract signing, and e-stamping in Bangladesh under the ICT Act 2006 and Evidence (Amendment) Act 2022.\"<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> ]<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->}<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/script><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<style><!-- 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var(--link-blue);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/* Main Article Content (No borders or shadows) *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .content-area {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-width: 760px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .content-area h2 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: clamp(28px, 4vw, 36px);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 700;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 64px 0 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--text-main);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> letter-spacing: -0.01em;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 1.2;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .content-area h2:first-child {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .content-area h2 .num {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 13px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--link-blue);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-transform: uppercase;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> letter-spacing: 0.08em;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 8px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .content-area h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 22px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 40px 0 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--text-main);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .content-area p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #3c4043;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .content-area ul, .content-area ol {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 0 0 24px 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #3c4043;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .content-area li {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .content-area a {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--link-blue);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-decoration: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .content-area a:hover {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-decoration: underline;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/* Distinct visual components keeping flat UI *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .ref {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: var(--btn-bg);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--text-main);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 2px 6px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 4px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Consolas, monospace;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 14px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> mark {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: #fbbc04; \/* Google yellow *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 0 4px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 2px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .pull {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: clamp(22px, 2.5vw, 28px);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 400;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 1.5;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--link-blue);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 48px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-left: 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-left: 4px solid var(--btn-bg);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .callout, .correction {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: var(--bg-alt);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 32px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-left: 4px solid var(--link-blue);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .correction {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-left-color: var(--warning-text);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .callout .label {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--link-blue);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 700;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-transform: uppercase;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> letter-spacing: 0.05em;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 8px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .correction .label {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--warning-text);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 700;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-transform: uppercase;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> letter-spacing: 0.05em;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 8px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/* Tables *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .table-wrap {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> overflow-x: auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 40px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> table.cmp {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-collapse: collapse;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: left;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> table.cmp th {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: var(--bg-alt);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--text-muted);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 16px 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f3f4;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> table.cmp td {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 16px 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-bottom: 1px solid #f1f3f4;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> vertical-align: top;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #3c4043;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> table.cmp tr:last-child td {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-bottom: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .country {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--link-blue);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/* Industries Cards *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .industries {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: grid;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(280px, 1fr));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> gap: 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 48px 0;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .industry {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: var(--bg-alt);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .industry h4 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 18px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: flex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> align-items: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> gap: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .industry .tag {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-family: ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Consolas, monospace;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--link-blue);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: #e8f0fe;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 2px 8px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .industry p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 14px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--text-muted);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 1.6;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .badge {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: inline-block;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 11px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-transform: uppercase;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 700;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> letter-spacing: 0.05em;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 4px 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .badge.ok { background-color: var(--success-bg); color: var(--success-text); }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .badge.partial { background-color: var(--warning-bg); color: var(--warning-text); }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .badge.no { background-color: var(--error-bg); color: var(--error-text); }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/* Sources Block *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .sources {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-top: 80px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding-top: 40px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 14px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--text-muted);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .sources h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--text-main);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .sources ol {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-left: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .sources li {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/* Full Width CTA Section (Updated Design) *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .full-cta {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 100%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: #f8f9fa; \/* Matches the light grey of the uploaded image *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 100px 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-inner {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-width: 1060px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 0 auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-inner h2 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: clamp(32px, 4.5vw, 48px);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 800;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #1a1f36;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> letter-spacing: -0.02em;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 1.2;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-inner > p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 18px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #5f6368;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 0 auto 56px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 1.6;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-width: 800px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-cards {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: grid;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> gap: 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-card {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: #ffffff;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 48px 32px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-align: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: flex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> flex-direction: column;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> align-items: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/* Explicitly flat with no box-shadow *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-icon {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 56px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 56px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> border-radius: 50%;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> display: flex;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> align-items: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> justify-content: center;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-icon svg {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> width: 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> height: 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-icon.email { background-color: #e8f0fe; color: #1a73e8; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-icon.whatsapp { background-color: #e6f4ea; color: #137333; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-icon.meeting { background-color: #f1f3f4; color: #5f6368; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-card h3 {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 700;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #202124;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-card p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 15px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: #5f6368;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 1.6;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 32px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> flex-grow: 1;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-link {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 600;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-decoration: none;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> transition: opacity 0.2s;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-link:hover { opacity: 0.8; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-link.email { color: #1a73e8; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-link.whatsapp { color: #137333; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .cta-link.meeting { color: #1a73e8; }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> \/* Footer Disclaimer *\/<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .site-footer {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> background-color: var(--bg-main);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> padding: 64px 24px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .footer-inner {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> max-width: 1200px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin: 0 auto;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 13px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--text-muted);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> line-height: 1.6;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .footer-inner .legal-title {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-size: 12px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> text-transform: uppercase;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> font-weight: 700;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> letter-spacing: 0.1em;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--text-main);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 20px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .footer-inner p {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> margin-bottom: 16px;<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> .footer-inner strong {<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> color: var(--text-main);<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> }<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/style>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/head><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><body><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<header class=\"hero\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"hero-inner\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"hero-banner\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"banner-content\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"banner-pill\">PRACTICE NOTES<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h1 class=\"banner-headline\">Digital Contract Signing & Signature Validity in Bangladesh<\/h1>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"banner-divider\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee class=\"banner-deck\">An exhaustive guide to digital signature solutions, legal admissibility, statutory contradictions with the Stamp Act 1899, and the Evidence (Amendment) Act 2022.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"banner-logo-pill\">LegalSeba LLP<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"banner-visual\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"book-mockup\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"book-brand\">Legal<span>Seba<\/span><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"book-title\">Digital<!\u2013- [et_pb_br_holder] -\u2013>Signatures<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"book-subtitle\">LAW IN BANGLADESH<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"book-divider\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"book-footer\">Practice Notes &<!\u2013- [et_pb_br_holder] -\u2013>Compliance Guide<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"byline\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"pill\">Long Read \u00b7 ~28 min<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span>Updated \u00b7 April 2026<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span>30+ statutory & secondary sources<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/header>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<div class=\"layout-wrapper\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<aside class=\"sidebar\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<nav class=\"toc\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h4>Contents<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<ol><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">Why this question matters<\/a><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">The statutory framework<\/a><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">Defining the signature<\/a><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">Certifying Authorities<\/a><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">Evidence (Amendment) Act 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">The Stamp Act & e-Stamping<\/a><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">Registration & Transfer of Property<\/a><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">Industry-by-industry acceptance<\/a><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">Restrictions & barred use cases<\/a><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">Comparative jurisdictions<\/a><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">The Cyber Security framework<\/a><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#s12\">The road ahead<\/a><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><a href=\"#sources\">Sources & references<\/a><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/ol>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/nav>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/aside>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<article class=\"content-area\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section id=\"s1\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"num\">\u00a7 01 \u2014 Introduction<\/span>Why Digital Contract Signing in Bangladesh Matters Today<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Bangladesh has spent more than a decade telling itself the story of a “Digital Bangladesh.” Tax filings have moved online, court hearings happened over Zoom during the pandemic, and the Office of the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies and Firms (“RJSC”) accepts a portion of its filings electronically. Yet the question of whether <strong>digital contract signing in Bangladesh<\/strong> carries the same legal weight when signed with cryptographic keys as when signed with a fountain pen and a non-judicial stamp remains uncomfortably unsettled.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The position is not, as is sometimes assumed, simply that “digital signatures are legal in Bangladesh.” It is more nuanced. The validity of a digital signature in Bangladesh today is the product of three overlapping regimes \u2014 a primary information-technology statute, a 1872 colonial evidence law amended in late 2022, and a 1899 fiscal statute on stamp duty \u2014 each of which speaks to a different aspect of what makes a signed document enforceable.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee><strong>LegalSeba LLP<\/strong>, a leading corporate and technology law firm in Bangladesh, routinely guides domestic and international clients through this complex terrain. This article maps the framework, examines digital signature validity across banking, capital-markets, tax, and real-estate sectors, identifies the genuine restrictions, and benchmarks Bangladesh against the EU’s <em>eIDAS<\/em> Regulation, the US <em>ESIGN\/UETA<\/em> regime, and India’s Information Technology Act.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section id=\"s2\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"num\">\u00a7 02 \u2014 Foundations<\/span>The statutory framework for digital signature solutions<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The principal source of legal recognition for any digital signature solutions is the <strong>Information and Communication Technology Act, 2006<\/strong> (Act No. 39 of 2006). Three provisions do most of the work. <span class=\"ref\">Section 5<\/span> permits any subscriber to authenticate an electronic record by affixing his digital signature. <span class=\"ref\">Section 6<\/span> provides legal recognition for electronic records, electronic signatures and electronic gazettes. <span class=\"ref\">Section 7<\/span> goes further: it permits any information that “any other law” requires to be authenticated by a signature to be authenticated instead by the affixation of a digital signature in the manner prescribed.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Around this statutory core sits a small ecosystem of subordinate instruments shaping e-signature law in Bangladesh:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<ul><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>The <strong>Information Technology (Certifying Authority) Rules, 2010<\/strong>, which set out the licensing regime for Certifying Authorities (“CAs”) under the supervision of the Controller of Certifying Authorities (“CCA”).<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>The <strong>National Information and Communication Technology Policy 2018<\/strong>, which contains executive commitments \u2014 Work Plan 2.9.1 in particular \u2014 to operationalise digital signatures across government offices.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>The <strong>e-Sign Guideline for the Certifying Authorities 2020<\/strong>, the <strong>Digital Certificate Interoperability Guideline (most recently updated 2018)<\/strong>, and the <strong>PKI Enabled Application Guideline 2024<\/strong> published by the CCA.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>The CCA’s <strong>Bangladesh Root CA Certification Practice Statement<\/strong>, which prescribes the technical and operational standards CAs must meet to guarantee digital signature validity.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/ul>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The drafting of the ICT Act 2006 borrows openly from the <em>UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001)<\/em>; the definition of “electronic signature” in the Bengali version of the Act is functionally identical to the UNCITRAL formulation.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section id=\"s3\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"num\">\u00a7 03 \u2014 Definitions<\/span>“Digital signature,” “electronic signature,” and the bilingual ambiguity<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Section 2(1) of the ICT Act defines a digital signature as data in electronic form that is associated with other electronic data either logically or directly, and that satisfies the validation conditions set out in the Act: it must be affixed with the signatory uniquely; it must be capable of identifying the signatory; it must be created in a safe manner or using a means under the sole control of the signatory; and it must be related with the attached data in such manner that any subsequent alteration is identifiable.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Section 2(20) defines a “secure signature generating machine or technology” by reference to the conditions in <span class=\"ref\">section 17<\/span>. Where those conditions are met, the resulting signature carries enhanced evidential weight (see \u00a7 5).<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>One frequently-overlooked feature of the ICT Act is that the <strong>English and Bengali texts use different terms<\/strong>. The English version refers throughout to “digital signature.” The Bengali version uses “electronic signature” (<em>\u0987\u09b2\u09c7\u0995\u099f\u09cd\u09b0\u09a8\u09bf\u0995 \u09b8\u09cd\u09ac\u09be\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09b0<\/em>). The two are treated as interchangeable in practice, and the Evidence (Amendment) Act 2022 expressly defines “Digital Signature” or “electronic Signature” together by reference to the ICT Act 2006. But the divergence has real consequences abroad. Internationally \u2014 and particularly under <em>eIDAS<\/em> \u2014 “electronic signature” is the genus and “digital signature” is a specific cryptographically-secured species; the two are not synonyms.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"callout\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"label\">Statutory text \u2014 ICT Act 2006, Section 7<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> Where any law provides that information or any matter shall be authenticated by affixing a signature, or that any document shall be signed or bear the signature of any person, that requirement is deemed to have been satisfied if the information or matter is authenticated by means of a digital signature affixed in such manner as may be prescribed by the Government.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section id=\"s4\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"num\">\u00a7 04 \u2014 Issuance<\/span>The Controller of Certifying Authorities and the licensed CAs<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Under <span class=\"ref\">Section 36<\/span> of the ICT Act, no digital signature validity is recognized in Bangladesh unless the underlying digital signature certificate has been issued by a CA licensed by the CCA. The CCA itself was constituted in May 2011 under powers conferred by the ICT (Amendment) Act 2009.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The CCA’s own June 2022 reporting indicates that it had issued licences to <strong>seven licensed CAs<\/strong>, which had collectively issued 56,201 digital signature certificates by that date. The CAs publicly visible from CCA documentation include <strong>Mango Teleservices Limited (“Mango CA”)<\/strong> \u2014 the first commercial CA in Bangladesh; <strong>Dohatec New Media (“Dohatec CA”)<\/strong>; <strong>Dataedge Limited (“Dataedge CA”)<\/strong>; the <strong>Bangladesh Computer Council Certifying Authority (“BCC-CA”)<\/strong>, the only public-sector CA; and additional licensed entities.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"correction\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"label\">Note on the licensed CAs<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> The number of licensed Certifying Authorities has changed over time as new licences have been granted and existing licences renewed. Practitioners and businesses seeking digital signature solutions should consult the current list maintained at cca.gov.bd for the up-to-date position.<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The CAs issue Class-1, Class-2 and Class-3 certificates, with Class-3 representing the highest level of identity assurance and being the certificate type typically used for high-value transactions and government dealings. Practically, a subscriber must:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<ol><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>Submit identity documents (typically two passport-sized photographs, an attested copy of NID or passport, and address proof) to a licensed CA;<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>Generate a public-private key pair locally, often through a CA-supplied client application;<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>Receive the signed certificate, which is generally issued onto a USB cryptographic token (a “crypto-token”) that holds the private key;<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>Sign documents using the token, with verification performed against a Certificate Revocation List (“CRL”) maintained by the CA.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/ol>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The CCA also operates a public verification portal \u2014 <em>digisigchecker.cca.gov.bd<\/em> \u2014 through which any digitally signed PDF can be checked against the issuing CA’s records. There is no recognised foreign Certifying Authority in Bangladesh at present.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section id=\"s5\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"num\">\u00a7 05 \u2014 Evidence<\/span>The Evidence (Amendment) Act 2022 and digital signature validity<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>For 150 years, the law of evidence in Bangladesh ran on the <strong>Evidence Act, 1872<\/strong>, an instrument enacted by the British Parliament for an entirely paper-based world. The Evidence (Amendment) Act, 2022 (<strong>Act No. XX of 2022<\/strong>) was passed unanimously to modernize this framework.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The amendment is structurally significant. It introduces digital evidence into the Evidence Act on three fronts.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3>(a) Definitions and admissibility (sections 3, 17, 22A, 34, 35, 36, 39, 65A, 65B)<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Section 3 was amended to bring “digital record” within the definition of “document” and within the definition of “evidence,” and to incorporate the definitions of “Digital Signature” or “electronic Signature,” “Digital Signature Certificate” and “Certifying Authority” \u2014 all by reference to the ICT Act 2006. New <span class=\"ref\">section 65A<\/span> permits the contents of digital records to be proved in accordance with the provisions of <span class=\"ref\">section 65B<\/span>, which sets out a five-condition framework under which a digital record may be admitted as primary evidence without producing the original computer.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3>(b) Presumptions in favour of digital signatures (sections 81A, 85A, 85B, 85C, 88A, 90A)<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Six new presumption sections shift the evidential burden. Under <span class=\"ref\">section 85A<\/span>, agreements in digital form are presumed genuine unless the contrary is proved. Under <span class=\"ref\">section 85B<\/span>, the court is required to presume that a secure digital signature was affixed by the subscriber with the intention of approving the digital record. Under <span class=\"ref\">section 85C<\/span>, the court must presume the correctness of the information in a Digital Signature Certificate accepted by the subscriber.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3>(c) Expert opinion (sections 45, 45A, 47A, 67A)<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>New <span class=\"ref\">section 47A<\/span> makes the opinion of the Certifying Authority that issued a Digital Signature Certificate a relevant fact whenever the court has to form an opinion as to the digital signature of any person \u2014 ensuring digital signature validity is backed by CA expertise. New <span class=\"ref\">section 67A<\/span> provides that, except in the case of a secure digital signature, where a digital signature is alleged to have been affixed by a subscriber, the fact that the signature is the subscriber’s must be proved.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"pull\">For the first time in 150 years, the burden of proof on a digitally-signed instrument has flipped: where the signature is “secure,” the document is presumed genuine; the party challenging it must show otherwise.<\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section id=\"s6\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"num\">\u00a7 06 \u2014 The Friction<\/span>The Stamp Act 1899, the e-Stamping system, and the residual problem<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>This is the most important \u2014 and most under-discussed \u2014 feature of digital contract signing in Bangladesh. The ICT Act 2006 says digital signatures have legal effect. The Evidence (Amendment) Act 2022 says digitally-signed documents are admissible. But the <strong>Stamp Act, 1899<\/strong> dictates that an instrument chargeable with stamp duty which has not been duly stamped shall not be admitted in evidence “for any purpose” under <span class=\"ref\">Section 35<\/span>.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The effect of section 35 is that an electronically-signed agreement which would otherwise have attracted stamp duty under Schedule I of the Stamp Act is, in principle, inadmissible in any legal proceeding until the deficient duty is paid \u2014 together with a penalty (which may extend to ten times the deficiency).<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3>The e-Stamping system: what it does and does not solve<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Bangladesh introduced an electronic stamping system to enable stamp duty to be paid online and an e-stamp to be generated. It significantly mitigates \u2014 though does not entirely eliminate \u2014 the friction between the digital-signature regime and the Stamp Act. In practice, the typical workflow follows one of three routes, which <strong>LegalSeba LLP<\/strong> frequently structures for corporate clients to ensure absolute digital signature validity:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<ol><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><strong>Print-and-stamp:<\/strong> The document is signed digitally, then printed, then a non-judicial stamp (or the printout of an e-stamp) is affixed to the printed copy, which is then treated as the operative instrument for evidentiary purposes.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><strong>E-stamped digital instrument:<\/strong> Stamp duty is paid online, the e-stamp is generated and digitally attached to the digital instrument, and the cryptographically-signed instrument-with-e-stamp is treated as the operative document. This is increasingly used in commercial practice with proper digital signature solutions.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><strong>Adjudication and post-payment:<\/strong> An unstamped digital instrument is presented to the Collector under section 35 read with section 40 of the Stamp Act, the deficient duty and any penalty is paid, and the instrument is then certified and admissible.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/ol>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section id=\"s7\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"num\">\u00a7 07 \u2014 Property & Registration<\/span>The Registration Act 1908 and the Transfer of Property Act 1882<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>If the Stamp Act tells you that you might not be admissible in evidence, the <strong>Registration Act 1908<\/strong> and the <strong>Transfer of Property Act 1882<\/strong> tell you that, for a category of instruments, the document does not exist legally at all unless it is registered.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Critically, <strong>section 54A of the Transfer of Property Act 1882<\/strong> provides that, notwithstanding anything in the Act or any other law, a contract for sale of any immovable property can be made only by an instrument in writing and registered under the Registration Act. The Registration Act assumes, throughout, physical presentation of the document before the Sub-Registrar, physical signing in the presence of attesting witnesses, and physical custody of the registered original.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>There is no statutory pathway for a born-digital instrument to be registered. As a consequence, documents like sale deeds, gift deeds, and powers of attorney regarding immovable property are effectively excluded from digital execution in Bangladesh.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section id=\"s8\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"num\">\u00a7 08 \u2014 Industry Map<\/span>Where digital signatures are accepted today, and where they are not<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The legal framework is one thing; market and regulatory practice is another. The picture below is composite, drawn from published guidance and reported practice as at early 2026.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"industries\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"industry\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"tag\">01<\/span> Banking<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Used extensively in internal workflows, online banking authentication, and customer onboarding for corporate clients. Loan documentation, however, remains a paper-with-stamp exercise because of the Stamp Act and the TPA mortgage requirements.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"badge partial\">Partial \u00b7 transactional yes, lending docs no<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"industry\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"tag\">02<\/span> Capital markets & BSEC<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission has migrated filings, disclosures and applications to electronic submission. Digitally-signed filings are accepted for many regulatory submissions.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"badge ok\">Largely accepted<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"industry\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"tag\">03<\/span> Tax (NBR)<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The National Board of Revenue’s e-TIN, e-return and e-payment systems use digital authentication throughout. Audited financial statements bearing a Chartered Accountant’s digital signature are routinely accepted.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"badge ok\">Accepted in core workflows<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"industry\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"tag\">04<\/span> Public procurement (e-GP)<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The Central Procurement Technical Unit’s <em>e-Government Procurement<\/em> portal is the strongest example of full digital-signature integration in Bangladesh. Bidders are required to sign tenders using Class-3 digital certificates.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"badge ok\">Mandatory<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"industry\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"tag\">05<\/span> RJSC & corporate filings<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The Registrar of Joint Stock Companies and Firms accepts electronic signatures for some filings, though citizen-facing facility is patchy. Foreign shareholders transferring shares are routinely required to physically sign and attest documents abroad.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"badge partial\">Capable but inconsistent<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"industry\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"tag\">06<\/span> Commercial contracts (B2B)<\/h4>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>NDAs, service agreements, purchase orders, MSAs, and the like can validly be executed digitally under sections 5\u20137 of the ICT Act. The Stamp Act issue must be managed using proper digital signature solutions.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <span class=\"badge ok\">Accepted, with stamp-duty caveat<\/span><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section id=\"s9\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"num\">\u00a7 09 \u2014 Restrictions<\/span>Documents that cannot be executed digitally in Bangladesh<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>For search engines evaluating queries like “can I sign a power of attorney digitally in Bangladesh,” the answer is explicitly no. The following categories of document either cannot be executed digitally as a matter of law in Bangladesh, or cannot be executed digitally in any way that would render them admissible, registrable or enforceable:<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<ol><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><strong>Powers of attorney for dealing with immovable property<\/strong> \u2014 Power of Attorney Rules 2015; Registration Act ss. 32\u201333.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><strong>Trust deeds settling immovable property.<\/strong><\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><strong>Wills and other testamentary dispositions<\/strong> \u2014 both the Succession Act 1925 and Muslim personal law assume physical execution and attestation.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><strong>Any contract for the sale or conveyance of immovable property<\/strong> \u2014 TPA s. 54A requires such contracts to be in writing and registered under the Registration Act.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><strong>Mortgage deeds<\/strong> (other than equitable mortgage by deposit of title deeds).<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><strong>Lease deeds for terms exceeding one year or reserving yearly rent<\/strong> \u2014 TPA s. 107.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><strong>Gift deeds of immovable property<\/strong> \u2014 TPA s. 123.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><strong>Negotiable instruments<\/strong> \u2014 bills of exchange, promissory notes and cheques continue to be governed by the Negotiable Instruments Act 1881; the ICT Act expressly excludes these.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><strong>Affidavits and oath-bound declarations<\/strong> requiring physical swearing.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li><strong>Marriage contracts (kabin-nama)<\/strong> under the Muslim Marriages and Divorces (Registration) Act 1974.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/ol>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section id=\"s10\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"num\">\u00a7 10 \u2014 The World<\/span>How Bangladesh measures up against its peers<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Globally, electronic-signature regimes cluster into two broad models. The <strong>technology-neutral model<\/strong> \u2014 exemplified by the US <em>ESIGN Act 2000<\/em> and <em>UETA<\/em> \u2014 recognises any electronic signature that demonstrates intent and is reliably attributable to the signer. The <strong>tiered, technology-prescriptive model<\/strong> \u2014 exemplified by the EU’s <em>eIDAS Regulation (EU) No 910\/2014<\/em>, as amended by <em>Regulation (EU) 2024\/1183<\/em> (“eIDAS 2.0”) \u2014 distinguishes SES, AES, and Qualified Electronic Signatures (QES).<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Bangladesh sits between the two. The ICT Act’s “secure digital signature” concept resembles the eIDAS AES\/QES idea \u2014 it requires a CA-issued certificate and a secure signature creation device \u2014 but it operates on a binary “secure \/ not-secure” basis. Practically, the regime is closer to the <em>Indian Information Technology Act 2000<\/em>.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"table-wrap\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<table class=\"cmp\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<thead><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<th>Jurisdiction<\/th>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<th>Primary statute<\/th>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<th>Model<\/th>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<th>Equivalence with wet signature<\/th>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<th>Treatment of property\/wills<\/th>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/thead>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<tbody><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td class=\"country\">Bangladesh<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>ICT Act 2006; Evidence (Amendment) Act 2022; Stamp Act 1899<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Tiered (binary: secure \/ non-secure); CA-issued certificate required<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Yes for “secure” digital signatures, but subject to Stamp Act admissibility constraints<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Excluded \u2014 physical signature, registration and often thumb impression required<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td class=\"country\">India<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Information Technology Act 2000 (amended 2008); Indian Evidence Act ss. 65A\u201365B<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Tiered; eSign + DSC + Aadhaar-linked options<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Yes for DSC and Aadhaar eSign; intent-based for others<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Excluded \u2014 Registration Act 1908 mirrors Bangladesh position<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td class=\"country\">European Union<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>eIDAS Regulation (EU) 910\/2014, amended by Reg. (EU) 2024\/1183<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Three-tier: SES, AES, QES; new EU Digital Identity Wallet by 2026<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>QES = automatic equivalence across all 27 member states<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Member-state law; many EU states permit qualified e-signature for property if a notary is involved<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td class=\"country\">United States<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>ESIGN Act 2000 (federal); UETA (49 states + DC)<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Technology-neutral; intent-based<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Yes \u2014 any e-signature with intent and attribution is enforceable<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Wills, codicils and certain family-law instruments excluded; some states allow electronic notarisation<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<tr><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td class=\"country\">Singapore<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Electronic Transactions Act 2010<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Tiered; integrates with Singpass national ID and IRAS e-stamping<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Yes for “secure electronic signatures”; PKI-based<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<td>Wills and certain immovable-property documents excluded<\/td>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/tr>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/tbody>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/table>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3>The two ways Bangladesh diverges from international best practice<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The first divergence is the <em>stamp-duty bridge<\/em>. Although Bangladesh has e-stamping (introduced from 2016\/2019), the system has not yet been fully integrated with cryptographically-signed born-digital instruments. The second divergence is <em>cross-border interoperability<\/em>. Bangladesh has not acceded to the UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts 2005, and there is no bilateral mutual-recognition arrangement under which a Bangladeshi Class-3 digital certificate would be automatically recognised abroad.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section id=\"s11\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"num\">\u00a7 11 \u2014 Cyber Security<\/span>The ICT Act, the DSA, the CSA and the 2025 Ordinance<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The criminal-law side of the digital-signature regime has had a turbulent decade. From the digital-signature standpoint, the repealed <strong>Cyber Security Act 2023<\/strong> (“CSA”) defined “identity information” expansively to include “<mark>electronic or digital signature<\/mark>” alongside fingerprints, and criminalised its unauthorised collection.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Following political transitions, the interim government promulgated the <strong>Cyber Security Ordinance 2025<\/strong>, which removed controversial sections, followed by the <strong>Personal Data Protection Ordinance 2025<\/strong>, Bangladesh’s first dedicated data-protection statute. The current criminal-law position is that the forgery, theft or fraudulent use of a digital signature is punishable under the residual CSA-as-amended, the retained offences of the ICT Act 2006, the Penal Code 1860, and may engage data-protection liability under the PDPO 2025.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section id=\"s12\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"num\">\u00a7 12 \u2014 The Road Ahead<\/span>Securing Digital Contract Signing in Bangladesh<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>The infrastructure largely exists. Seven licensed CAs operate. The CCA’s verification portal works. The e-GP system processes thousands of digitally-signed tenders daily. The Evidence (Amendment) Act 2022 has aligned the law of proof with the technology. What remains missing is the coherent statutory bridge between the cryptographic world, the e-stamping system, and the registration architecture inherited from the colonial period.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Until that bridge is built, any practitioner advising on whether a particular instrument may be executed digitally in Bangladesh must work the same checklist: (i) is it a category of document excluded by the Registration Act? (ii) is it chargeable with stamp duty, and if so will the duty be paid through the e-stamping system? (iii) will it be filed with a regulator that has the technical and legal capacity to accept a digital signature?<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>As a leading corporate and technology law firm in Bangladesh, <strong>LegalSeba LLP<\/strong> regularly assists enterprises in bridging this gap. We provide tailored digital signature solutions, draft electronic execution policies, and structure robust cross-border IT contracts to ensure absolute legal validity and compliance under Bangladeshi law.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<section id=\"sources\" class=\"sources\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3>Sources, statutes and further reading<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<ol><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>Information and Communication Technology Act, 2006 (Act No. 39 of 2006).<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>Evidence (Amendment) Act, 2022 (Act No. XX of 2022).<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>Evidence Act, 1872 (Act No. I of 1872).<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>The Stamp Act, 1899 & The Registration Act, 1908.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>The Transfer of Property Act, 1882.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>Information Technology (Certifying Authority) Rules, 2010; e-Sign Guideline for the Certifying Authorities 2020; Digital Certificate Interoperability Guideline 2018; PKI Enabled Application Guideline 2024; Certifying Authority Licensing Guideline 2024.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>CCA presentation, “Office of the Controller of Certifying Authorities,” at the Indian Seminar on PKI, September 2022.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>Cyber Security Act, 2023; Cyber Security Ordinance, 2025; Personal Data Protection Ordinance, 2025.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>Tarazi Mohammed Sheikh, “On the legal status of digital\/electronic signatures in Bangladesh,” <em>The Daily Star<\/em>, 26 September 2022.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>“On electronically or digitally formed contracts in Bangladesh,” <em>The Daily Star<\/em>, Tanjib Alam & Associates.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>“Evidence (Amendment) Act, 2022: An Expert’s View,” <em>Dhaka Law Review<\/em>, December 2022.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>VDB Loi, “Rules on Electronic Signatures in Bangladesh.”<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>Adobe Sign, <em>Electronic Signature Laws & Regulations \u2014 Bangladesh<\/em>; emSigner, <em>Electronic Signature Legality Guide in Bangladesh<\/em>; LegalSeba, <em>Digital Signature in Bangladesh<\/em>.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>Regulation (EU) No 910\/2014 (eIDAS); Regulation (EU) 2024\/1183 (eIDAS 2.0, in force 20 May 2024); ESIGN Act 2000 (15 U.S.C. \u00a7 7001 et seq.); UETA 1999; Information Technology Act 2000 (India).<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<li>UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures 2001; UN Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts 2005.<\/li>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/ol>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/article>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n<p> <!-- End of Layout Wrapper --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- Full width CTA Section --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<section class=\"full-cta\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-inner\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h2>Ready to Deploy Digital Signatures?<!\u2013- [et_pb_br_holder] -\u2013>Consult an IT Law Expert in Bangladesh.<\/h2>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Connect with a dedicated corporate and technology lawyer at <strong>LegalSeba LLP<\/strong> who understands the statutory, procedural, and strategic requirements for digital contract signing, e-stamping, and evidentiary compliance.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-cards\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-icon email\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M20 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 4l-8 5-8-5V6l8 5 8-5v2z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3>Email Us<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>For formal advisory, digital execution policies, cross-border recognition queries, and document reviews.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <a href=\"mailto:advisory@legalseba.com\" class=\"cta-link email\">advisory@legalseba.com<\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-icon whatsapp\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M17.472 14.382c-.297-.149-1.758-.867-2.03-.967-.273-.099-.471-.148-.67.15-.197.297-.767.966-.94 1.164-.173.199-.347.223-.644.075-.297-.15-1.255-.463-2.39-1.475-.888-.788-1.489-1.761-1.662-2.06-.173-.297-.018-.458.13-.606.134-.133.298-.347.446-.52.149-.174.198-.298.298-.497.099-.198.05-.371-.025-.52-.075-.149-.669-1.612-.916-2.207-.242-.579-.487-.5-.669-.51a12.8 12.8 0 0 0-.57-.01c-.198 0-.52.074-.792.372-.272.297-1.04 1.016-1.04 2.479 0 1.462 1.065 2.875 1.213 3.074.149.198 2.096 3.2 5.077 4.487.709.306 1.262.489 1.694.625.712.227 1.36.195 1.871.118.571-.085 1.758-.719 2.006-1.413.248-.694.248-1.289.173-1.413-.074-.124-.272-.198-.57-.347m-5.421 7.403h-.004a9.87 9.87 0 0 1-5.031-1.378l-.361-.214-3.741.982.998-3.648-.235-.374a9.86 9.86 0 0 1-1.51-5.26c.001-5.45 4.436-9.884 9.888-9.884 2.64 0 5.122 1.03 6.988 2.898a9.825 9.825 0 0 1 2.893 6.994c-.003 5.45-4.437 9.884-9.885 9.884m8.413-18.297A11.815 11.815 0 0 0 12.05 0C5.495 0 .16 5.335.157 11.892c0 2.096.547 4.142 1.588 5.945L.057 24l6.305-1.654a11.882 11.882 0 0 0 5.683 1.448h.005c6.554 0 11.89-5.335 11.893-11.893a11.821 11.821 0 0 0-3.48-8.413z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3>WhatsApp<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Direct line for urgent digital signature queries, e-stamping support, and quick execution advice.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/8801753718223\" class=\"cta-link whatsapp\">+8801753718223<\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-card\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<div class=\"cta-icon meeting\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"currentColor\"><path d=\"M19 4h-1V2h-2v2H8V2H6v2H5c-1.11 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L3 20c0 1.1.89 2 2 2h14c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 16H5V10h14v10zm0-12H5V6h14v2zm-7 5h5v5h-5z\"\/><\/svg><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/p>\n<h3>Book a Meeting<\/h3>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <pee>Schedule a strategic consultation with our partners regarding your corporate workflows and evidentiary risks.<\/pee><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <a href=\"https:\/\/legalseba.com\/book-now\" class=\"cta-link meeting\">LegalSeba.com\/book-now<\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> <\/div>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/section>\n<p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- Full Width Footer --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/p>\n<footer class=\"site-footer\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --> 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